SOURCES

I. International Instruments

1. Charter of the United Nations, signed on 26 June 1945, in San Francisco, 59 Stat. 1031, T.S. 993, 3 Bevans 1153, entered into force Oct. 24, 1945.

2. Universal Declaration of Human Rights, General Assembly Resolution 217A (III), United Nations Doc. A/810 at 71 (1948).

3. International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, General Assembly Resolution 2200A (XXI), 21 United Nations GAOR Supp. (No. 16) at 49, United Nations Doc. A/6316 (1966), 993 U.N.T.S. 3, entered into force Jan. 3, 1976.

4. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, General Assembly, Resolution 2200A (XXI), 21 United Nations GAOR Supp. (No. 16) at 52, United Nations Doc. A/6316 (1966), 999 U.N.T.S. 171, entered into force Mar. 23, 1976.

5. Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, General Assembly Resolution. 2200A (XXI), 21 U.N. GAOR Supp. (No. 16) at 59, United Nations Doc. A/6316 (1966), 999 United Nations Treaty Series 302, entered into force March 23, 1976.

6. Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples, General Assembly Resolution 1514 (XV), 15 United Nations GAOR Supp. (No. 16) at 66, United Nations Doc. A/4684 (1961).

7. International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, 660 United Nations Treaty Series 195, entered into force Jan. 4, 1969.

8. Declaration on Race and Racial Prejudice, E/CN.4/Sub.2/1982/2/Add.1, annex V (1982).

9. Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Intolerance and of Discrimination Based on Religion or Belief, General Assembly Resolution 36/55, 36 United Nations GAOR Supp. (No. 51) at 171, United Nations Doc. A/36/684 (1981).

10. Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious or Linguistic Minorities, General Assembly Resolution 47/135, annex, 47 United Nations GAOR Supp. (No. 49) at 210, United Nations Doc. A/47/49 (1993).

11. Convention on the Rights of the Child, General Assembly Resolution 44/25, annex, 44 United Nations GAOR Supp. (No. 49) p. 167, United Nations Doc. A/44/49 (1989), entered into force September 2, 1990.

12. Convention Against Discrimination in Education (UNESCO 1962), 429 United Nations Treaty Series 93, entered into force May 22, 1962.

13. Convention on Indigenous and Tribal People (ILO No. 169), 72 Official Bull. 59, entered into force September 5, 1991.

14. Draft United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. E/CN.4/SUB.2/1994/2/Add.1 (1994).

15. American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man, Organization of American States Resolution XXX, adopted by the Ninth International Conference of American States (1948).

16. American Convention on Human Rights, OAS. Treaty Series No. 36, 1144 United Nations Treaty Series 123 entered into force July 18, 1978.

17. Additional Protocol to the American Convention on Human Rights in the Area of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, Organization of American States. Treaty Series No. 69 (1988), signed November 17, 1988 entered into force on November 16, 1999.

18. Proposed American Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, Approved by the Inter-American Commission on Human Rightson February 26,1997, at its 1333rd session, 95th regular session.

19. African Charter on Human and Peoples` Rights (Banjul Charter), adopted June 27, 1981, OAU Doc. CAB/LEG/67/3 rev. 5, 21 I.L.M. 58 (1982), entered into force Oct. 21, 1986.

20. Universal Declaration on the Human Genome and Human Rights, Adopted by General Conference (UNESCO November 11, 1997)

21. [European] Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, (ETS No. 5), 213 U.N.T.S. 222, entered into force Sept. 3, 1953, as amended by Protocols Nos. 3, 5, 8, and 11 of May 11, 1963, January 20, 1966, March 19, 1985 and November 28 of 1996.

22. United Nations General Assembly Resolution 1803 (1962).

23. European Social Charter, (ETS No. 35), 529 U.N.T.S. 89, entered into force Feb. 26, 1965.

24. Additional Protocol to the European Social Charter, (ETS 128), May 5, 1988, not in force.

25. European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, adopted by the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe, opened for signature 2 October 1992.

26. Resolution (a) on the catastrophic environmental impact of large-scale deforestation in Sarawack, Malaysia,
adopted in 1988 by the European Parliament.

27. Resolution (k) on The human and ecological disaster in the Pastaza Region in Ecuador, adopted in 1991 by European Parliament.

28. Council of European Union Resolution on Tropical Forest (May 29, 1990).

29. Report of European Commission of October 1990 on “Environmental problems in the Amazon region�?, “Measures to protect the Ecology of the Tropical Forests�? and on “the Conservation of Tropical Forest.�?

30. Advisory opinion of the Permanent International Court of Justice in 1935 on Minority schools in Albania (1935).

31. Recommendation concerning the Protection, at National Level, of the Cultural and Natural Heritage, adopted by the Seventeenth Session of the UNESCO General Conference (October 17-November 18, 1972).

32. Ominayak, Chief of the Lubicon Lake Band v. Canada (Communication No. 167/1984, Report of the Human Rights Committee 1990).

33. Preliminary Report prepared by Mrs. Fatma Zohra Ksentini, Special Rapporteur, pursuant to Sub-Commission on the Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities resolutions 1900/7 and 1990/27 (E/CN.4/Sub.2/1991/8, 2 Aug. 1991).

34. Jay Treaty, 1794 (Treaty of Amity Commerce and Navigation between the United States and Great Britain).

35. Human Rights Committee, General Comment No. 23(50).

36. Western Sahara, 1975 ICJ 12, 37-39 (1975).

37. UN Special Rapporteur Recommendation (1983).

38. Report of the UN Special Rapporteur on Indigenous Populations (1983).

39. Länsman et al. v. Finland, Communication No 511/1992 (Committee of Human Rights).

40. Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. Adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations, Resolution 260 A (III) on 9 December 1948. United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 78, p. 277. Entered into force Jan. 12, 1951.

41. Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties. United Nations Doc A/CONF.39/27 (1969), 1155 United Nations, Treaty Series 331, entered into force January 27, 1980. Vienna, May 23, 1969.

42. Charter of Civil Society for the Caribbean Community (CARICOM), Chaguaramas, 4th July 1973.

43. Declaration on Principles of International Law Concerning Friendly Relations and Co-operation among States in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations.

44. Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, General Recommendation XXIII (51) Concerning Indigenous Peoples (August 1997), UN.

45. World Bank. Operational Manual, Description and Sample Outline of an Environmental Action Plan, Operational Directive 4.02, (July 1992).

46. World Bank. Operational Directive 4.20 (OD 4.20) (September 1991).

47. Copenhagen Declaration on Social Development and Programme of Action of the World Summit for Social Development (Copenhagen, Denmark, March 6-12, 1995). UN.

48. Agenda 21: Programme of Action for Sustainable for Sustainable Development, Rio Declaration on Environment and Development.Statement of Principles. Final Text of Agreements Negotiated by Governments at UNCED Conference, June 1992, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

49. Alliance for Sustainable Development documents signed by the Presidents of Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panama and a Representative of the Prime Minister of Belize, at the Central American Ecological Summit for Sustainable Development in Managua, Nicaragua, (October 12, 1994).

50. Summit of the Americas: Plan of Action, signed by 34 heads of state participating in the Summit of the Americas (Miami, Florida 1994).

51. Inter-American Commission on Human Rights. Second Report on the Situation of Human Rights in Guatemala (1993).

52. Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, Report on the Situation of Human Rights of a Segment of the Nicaraguan Population of Miskito Origin and Resolution on the Friendly Settlement Procedure Regarding the Human Rights Situation of a Segment of the Nicaraguan Population of Miskito Origin, Case No. 7964 (Nicaragua 1984).

53. Treaty on Central American Social Integration, signed by the governments of Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panama, Cerro Verde, Republic of El Salvador (March 30, 1995).

54. General Assembly, Organization of American States Resolution Doc. 3136/94. Committee on Elimination of Racial Discrimination. Concluding Observations on Report of Chile (1999).

55. Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, Annual Report 1985. Case No. 7615 (Brazil).

56. Informe de la relatora Especial de la Subcomisión de Prevención de Discriminaciones y Protección a las Minorías sobre la “Protección del patrimonio de los pueblos indígenas" (UN 1986).

57. Program of Immediate Actions Derived from the Declaration of San Salvador II for the Investment in Human Capital signed by the Presidents of Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panama and the Prime Minister of Belize, and El Costa Verde, in the Republic of El Salvador (March 30, 1995).

58. Convention on Biological Diversity. At the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, United Nations, General Assembly Resolution 1803 (1962).

59. Carta Internacional Americana de Garantías Sociales.

60. Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, Report on the Situation of Human Rights in Ecuador (1997).

61. Declaration of Santiago (May 6, 1994) endorsed by the General Conference (UNESCO 2o. session 1995).

62. Convention on the Protection of the Archeological, Historical, and Artistic Heritage of the American Nations (Convention of San Salvador) (Santiago, Chile 1976).

63. Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property (April 24, 1972).

64. Rio Declaration on Environment and Development (June 13, 1992).

65. Stockholm Declaration, or the Declaration on the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment (1972).

66. Declaration of Guácimo, signed by the Presidents of Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua and Panama, and the Prime Minister of Belize (Guácimo, Limon, Republic of Costa Rica, August 20, 1994).

67. Concausa Declaration, signed by the Presidents of Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, the United States, and the Prime Minister of Belize (Miami, Florida, December 10, 1994).

68. Sub-Commission on the Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities Report on Human Rights of Indigenous Peoples: Indigenous People and their relationship to land (1999).

69. Conclusions; proposals and recommendations and recommendations of Special Rapporteur, Jose R. Martínez Cobo, Volume V of the study of the problem of discrimination Against Indigenous Populations.

70. Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, Report Nº 90/99 Enxet-Lamenxay and other Indigenous Communities Case 11.713 (Paraguay). Friendly Settlements between Paraguay and Indigenous Communities Enxet-Lamenxay and Riochito.

71. Sub-Commission on the Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities. Study on the on Indigenous Land Rights, UN Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities, Resolution 1997/10.

72. The Rome Copyright Convention (June 2, 1928).

73. Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works. Berna, September 9, 1886, completed at Paris on May 4, 1896, revised at Berlin on November 13, 1908, completed at Berne on March 20, 1914, revised at Rome on June 2, 1928, at Brussels on June 26, 1948, at Stockholm on July 14, 1967, and at Paris on July 24, 1971, and amended on September 28, 1979.

74. Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property of March 20, 1883. As revised at Brussels on December 14, 1900, at Washington on June 2, 1911, at the Hague on November 6, 1925, at London on June 2, 1934, at Lisbon on October 31, 1958, and at Stockholm on July 14, 1967 and amended on october 2, 1979.

75. Patent Cooperation Treaty (1984). Done at Washington on June 19, 1970, amended on October 2, 1979, and modified on February 3, 1984.

76. Universal Copyright Convention as revised at Paris on 24 July 1971.

II. Domestic Instruments

Argentina

77. Constitución de la Nación Argentina (1994).

78. Constitución de la Provincia de Salta (1986 reformada parcialmente, concordada y sancionada por la Convención Constituyente el día 7 de abril de 1998, y jurada el día 8 del mismo mes y año).

79. Ley No. 426 de 1984 (Provincia de Formosa).

80. Ley No. 23.302 de 1985 (Ley Nacional del Indígena).

Bolivia

81. Constitución Política del Estado (1967 reformada en 1994).

82. Decreto 7765 de 1966 (Ley de Colonización).

83. Ley 1.700 de 1996 (Ley General Forestal).

84. Ley 201 de 1962.

85. Resolución Suprema No. 205862 de 1989.

Brazil

86. Constituiao da República Federativa do Brasil (1988 reformada en 1999).

87. Estatuto das Sociedades Indígenas (Proyecto de Ley).

88. Statuto do Indios (Ley No. 6.001 19-XII-1973).

Canada

89. Canada`s Constitution Act of 1982.

90. Nisga’a Agreement.

91. Nisga'a Final Agreement.

92. Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples.

93. Royal Commission on Aboriginal Rights.

94. Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms (1982).

95. Anishnaabe Government Agreement.

Colombia

96. Constitución Política (1991 reformada en 1997).

97. Decreto No. 715 de 1992.

98. Ley 1.088 de 1993.

99. Resolución No. 10.013 de 1981.

100. Decreto 1142 de 1978.

Costa Rica

101. Constitución Política de la República de Costa Rica (1949 con reformas hasta 1999).

102. Ley No. 6.172 de 1977.

Chile

103. Constitución Política ( 1980 reformada en 1989).

104. Ley 19.253 de 1993 (Ley Indígena).

Ecuador

105. Constitución Política del Estado Ecuatoriano (1998).

El Salvador

106. Constitución de la República de El Salvador (1982).

United States

107. Indian Self Determination and Education Assistance Act, 25, USC §450a(a).

108. Native American Languages Act, 25 U.S.C. § 2901- 04.

109. Morton v. Mancari, 417 U.S. 535 (1974). Upholding a statutory "Indian preference" for hiring by the Bureau of Indian Affairs ("BIA") and relying on the fact that the statute's purpose was to assist Indian self-government.

110. Civil Rights Act of 1964.

111. Executive Order to Protect American Indian Sacred Sites (May 24, 1996).

112. National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (NHPA).

113. Archeological Resource Protection Act, 16 U.S.C.

114. Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act.

115. Indian Child Welfare Act of 1978.

116. Presidential Memo of January 18, 2001, “Guidance for US to the UN Commission on Human Rights, the Commission’s Working Group on the UN Draft Declaration on Indigenous Rights and to the OAS Working Group on the similar OAS Draft Declaration, and the Preparatory Meetings on the UN World Conference Against Racism…�? US Secretary of State, Washington D.C.

Honduras

117. Constitución Política de la República de Honduras (1982).

Guatemala

118. Constitución Política de la República de Guatemala (1985 reformada en 1993).

119. Agreement on Identity and Rights of Indigenous Peoples. 1995.

120. Agreement on Identity and Rights of Indigenous Peoples.

121. Ley de la Academia de las Lenguas Mayas de Guatemala (Decreto 65-90).

122. Ley de Alfabetización (Decreto 43-86).

México

123. Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos (1917 reformada en 1998).

124. Constitución del Estado Libre y Soberano de Oaxaca.

125. Ley de Derechos de los Pueblos y Comunidades Indígenas del Estado de Oaxaca.

126. Ley Agraria (1992).

127. Código Penal para el Distrito Federal en Materia de Fuero Común, y para toda la República en Materia de Fuero Federal.

Nicaragua

128. Constitución de Nicaragua (1987).

129. Estatuto de Autonomía de las Regiones de la Costa Atlántica de Nicaragua, Ley No. 28 (7 Septiembre 1987).

Panamá

130. Constitución Política de Panamá.

131. Decreto de Gabinete No. 53 (26-JJ-71).

132. Régimen Especial de la Comarca Kuna Yala.

133. Ley 22 de 1983 (Crea la Comarca Emberá-Wounaan).

134. Ley 16 de 1953 (Organiza la Comarca de San Blas).

Paraguay

135. Constitución de la República de Paraguay (1992).

136. Ley 904 de 1981 (Estatuto de las comunidades indígenas).

Perú

137. Constitución Política del Perú (1993).

138. Ley 24.656 (Ley General de Comunidades Campesinas).

139. Ley 22.175 de Comunidades Nativas y de Desarrollo Agrario de las Regiones de Selva y Ceja de Selva.

Suriname

140. Constitution of Suriname (1987 reformed in 1992).

St. Kitts and Nevis

141. Constitution of St. Kitts and Nevis (1983).

Trinidad and Tobago

142. Constitution of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago (1980).

Vincent and St. Grenadines

143. Constitution of St. Vincent and St. Grenadines (1979).

Venezuela

144. Constitución Política del Estado (1967 reformada en 1994).

145. Ley 1551 de 1994 (Ley de participación popular).

146. Ley Orgánica de Educación.