RESOLUTIONS AND
DECLARATIONS ON BIOETHICS AND HUMAN RIGHTS BY INTER-GOVERNMENTAL BODIES
|
| Action Plan, Council of
Europe, Assembly of Heads of State and Government, Second Summit, Strasbourg,
France, 10-11 October 1997). |
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| Council of Europe,
Ad Hoc Committee of Experts on Bioethics, Report on Human Artificial Procreation
(Strasbourg: 1989). |
| Council of Europe, Committee
of Ministers, Recommendation No. R (83) 2 Concerning the Legal Protection
of Persons Suffering from Mental Disorders Placed as Involuntary Patients
(Feb. 22, 1983). |
| Council of Europe, Committee
of Ministers, Recommendation No. R (83) 25 Concerning Common European Public
Health Policy to Fight the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
(Nov. 26, 1987). |
| Council of Europe, Committee
of Ministers, Recommendation No. R (89) 4 on Collection of Epidemiological
Data on Primary Health Care (Mar. 6, 1989), reprinted in 41 International
Digest of Health Legislation 148 (1990) |
| Council of Europe, Committee
of Ministers, Recommendation No. R (89) 14 on the Ethical Issues of HIV
Infection in the Health Care and Social Settings (Oct. 24,1989), reprinted
in 41 International Digest of Health Legislation 39 (1990). |
| Council of Europe, Committee
of Ministers, Recommendation No. R (90) 3 Concerning Medical Research on
Human Beings (Feb. 6, 1990), reprinted in 41 International Digest of
Health Legislation 461 (1990). |
| Council of Europe, Committee
of Ministers, Recommendation No. R (90) 13 on Prenatal Genetic Screening,
Prenatal Genetic Diagnosis and Associated Genetic Counselling (June
21, 1990), reprinted in 41 International Digest of Health Legislation 615
(1990). |
| Council of Europe, Committee
of Ministers, Recommendation No. R (92) 3 on Genetic Testing and Screening
for Health Care Purposes (Feb. 10, 1992), reprinted in 43 International
Digest of Health Legislation 284 (1992). |
| Council of Europe, Committee
of Ministers, Recommendation No. R (94) 11 on Screening as a Tool of Preventive
Medicine (Oct. 10, 1994). |
| Council of Europe, Committee
of Ministers, Recommendation No. R (97) 5 on the Protection of Medical Data
(Feb. 13, 1997). |
| Council of Europe,
Committee of Ministers, Recommendation No. R (97) 15 on Xenotransplantation
(Sept. 30, 1997). |
| Council of Europe, Committee
of Ministers, Recommendation No. R (98) 7 Concerning the Ethical and Organisational
Aspects of Health Care in Prison (Apr. 8, 1998). |
| Council of Europe, Parliamentary
Assembly, Opinion No. 202 (1997) on the Draft Additional Protocol to the
Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine on the Prohibition of Cloning
Human Beings (Sept. 23, 1997). |
| Council of Europe, Parliamentary
Assembly, Order No. 534 (1997) on Research and the Cloning of Human Beings
(Sept. 23, 1997). |
| Council of Europe, Parliamentary
Assembly, Recommendation 1046 (1986) on the Use of Human Embryos and Foetuses
for Diagnostic, Therapeutic, Scientific, Industrial and Commercial Purposes
(Sept. 24, 1986). |
| Council of Europe, Parliamentary
Assembly, Recommendation 1080 (1988) on a Co-ordinated European Health Policy
to Prevent the Spread of AIDS in Prisons (June 30, 1988). |
| Council of Europe, Parliamentary
Assembly, Recommendation 1160 (1991) on the Preparation of a Convention
on Bioethics (June 28, 1991). |
| Council of Europe, Parliamentary
Assembly, Recommendation 1254 (1994) on the Medical and Welfare Rights of
the Elderly: Ethics and Policies (Nov. 10, 1994). |
| Council of Europe, Parliamentary
Assembly, Recommendation 1355 (1998) on Fighting Social Exclusion and Strengthening
Social Cohesion in Europe (Jan. 28, 1998). |
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|
Declaration on the Rights of Mentally
Retarded Persons, G.A. res. 2856 (XXVI), 26 U.N. GAOR Supp. (No. 29)
at 93, U.N. Doc. A/8429 (1971).
|
| European Council Declaration
on Banning the Cloning of Human Beings (1997), Bulletin of the European
Union 22 (June 1997) |
| Geneva Convention for the Amelioration
of the Condition of Wounded, Sick and Shipwrecked Members of Armed Forces
at Sea, 75 U.N.T.S. 85, entered into force Oct. 21, 1950. |
| Geneva Convention relative to the
Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, 75 U.N.T.S. 287, entered
into force Oct. 21, 1950. |
| Human Rights and Bioethics,
C.H.R. res. 1995/82, ESCOR Supp. (No. 4) at 244, U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/1995/82
(1995). |
|
Human
rights and Bioethics, C.H.R. res. 1997/71, ESCOR Supp. (No. 3) at
233, U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/1997/71 (1997)
|
| Human Rights and Bioethics,
C.H.R. res. 1999/63, U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/RES/1999/63 (1999). |
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| Human Rights and Forensic
Science, C.H.R. res. 2000/32, U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/RES/2000/32 (2000). |
| Human
Rights and Scientific and Technological Developments, Commission on
Human Rights decision 1998/104. |
|
|
| Inter-Parliamentary Union,
Resolution on Bioethics and its Implications Worldwide for Human Rights
Protection (1995). |
| Opinion on Ethical Aspects
of Cloning Techniques, Group of Advisers of the Ethical Implications of
Biotechnology of the European Commission, Opinion No. 9 (May 28, 1997),
reprinted in 49 International Digest of Health Legislation 406 (1998). |
| Opinion on the Ethical
Implications of Gene Therapy, Group of Advisers to the European Commission
on the Ethical Implications of Biotechnology, Opinion No. 5, (May 5, 1995) |
| Opinion on Ethical Aspects
of Patenting Inventions Involving Elements of Human Origin, Group of
Advisers on the Ethical Implications of Biotechnology of the European Commission,
Opinion No. 9 (May 28, 1997), reprinted in 49 International Digest
of Health Legislation 406 (1998). |
| Opinion on Ethical Aspects
of Prenatal Diagnosis, Group of Advisers to the European Commission
on the Ethical Implications of Biotechnology, Opinion No. 6 (Feb. 20, 1995).
|
|
Opinion on the Ethical
Aspects of the 5th Research Framework Programme, Group of Advisers
on the Ethical Implications of Biotechnology of the European Commission,
Opinion No. 10, (Dec. 11, 1997).
|
| Opinion on Ethical
Questions Arising from the Commission Proposal for a Council Directive on
Legal Protection for Biotechnological Inventions, Group Advisers to
the European Commission on the Ethical Implications of Biotechnology, Opinion
No. 3 (Oct. 1, 1993) |
| Opinion on Products Derived
from Human Blood or Blood Plasma, Group of Advisers to the European
Commission on the Ethical Implications of Biotechnology, Opinion No. 2 (Mar.
12, 1993) |
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| The Protection of Human
Rights in the Context of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired
Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), C.H.R. res. 1999/49, U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/RES/1999/49
(1999). |
| Recommendation on the Status
of Scientific Researchers, UNESCO Gen. Conf. Res. 18 C/Res.40, 18th
Sess. (1974). |
| Recommendation No. R (97) 16 on
Liver Transplantation from Living Donors, Council of Europe, Committee
of Ministers, (Sept. 30, 1997) |
| Resolution on Cloning, European
Parliament, 1997 O.J. (C 115) 14.4/92 (Mar. 12, 1997) |
| Resolution on Human Cloning,
European Parliament, 1998 O.J. (C 34) 164 (Jan. 15, 1998) |
| Resolution on the Communication
from the Commission to the Council, the European Parliament, the Economic
and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions on the development
of public health policy in the European Community, 1999 O.J. (C 175)
135 (Mar. 10, 1999). |
Rights
of the child, C.H.R. res. 1998/76, ESCOR Supp. (No. 3) at 240, U.N.
Doc. E/CN.4/1998/76 (1998).
|
| Trials of War Criminals Before
the Nuremberg Military Tribunals Under Control Council Law No. 10 (1946-1949)
[Nuremberg Code]. |
| Universal Declaration on Human Genome
and Human Rights, adopted on 11 November 1997. |
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STATEMENTS AND
RECOMMENDATIONS ON BIOETHICS AND HUMAN RIGHTS BY NON-GOVERNMENTAL BODIES
|
| Amnesty International,
Declaration on the Role of Health Professionals in the Exposure of Torture
and Ill-Treatment (1996), adopted by Amnesty International, January
1996, Appendix 2, Prescription for Change: Health Professionals and the
Exposure of Human Rights Violations at 42, Amnesty International Report
No. ACT 75/01/96 (1996). |
| Amnesty International,
Principles for the Medical Investigation of Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman
or Degrading Treatment, Appendix 2, Prescription for Change: Health
Professionals and the Exposure of Human Rights Violations at 39, Amnesty
International Report No. ACT 75/01/96 (1996). |
| Amnesty International, Stockholm
Plan of Action Against Torture, adopted by the International Conference
on Torture (Stockholm, 4-6 October 1996), Amnesty International Report No.
ACT 40/02/96 (1996). |
| The Barcelona Declaration on
Policy Proposals to the European Commission on Basic Ethical Principles
in Bioethics and Biolaw (adopted in November 1998 by Partners in the
BIOMED II Project) |
| Congregation for the Doctrine
of the Faith, Declaration on Euthanasia (Washington, D.C.: United States
Catholic Conference, 1980). |
| Council for International Organizations
of Medical Sciences (CIOMS), The Declaration of Inuyama on Human Genome
Mapping, Genetic Screening and Gene Therapy (1990), reprinted in Source
Book in Bioethics: A Documentary History 322 (Albert R. Jonsen et al. eds.,
1998). |
| The Dakar Declaration, adopted
at the 4th Regional Conference/General Assembly of the Inter-African Committee
(IAC), organised jointly by WHO and IAC (Dakar, 17-21 November 1997) |
| Denver Summit of the Eight,
Final Communique, para.47 (June 22, 1997). |
| Ethical Guidelines for
Epidemiological Investigations (Geneva: World Health Organization, Scientific
Working Group on Epidemiology of the Special Programme for Research and
Training in Tropical Diseases, 1989). |
| Ethical Guidelines for Human
Reproduction Research in the Muslim World, reprinted in Serour GI (ed).
Proceedings of the First International Congress on Bioethics in Human Reproduction
Research in the Muslim World. 11 IICPSR (1992). |
| European Association for Bioindustries
(EUROPABIO), Core Ethical Values (1998). |
| European Forum for Good Clinical
Practice, Guidelines and Recommendations for European Ethics Committees
(rev. ed. 1997). |
| Forging the Link Between Health
and Human Rights, Statement of the Consortium for Health and Human Rights
(Francois-Xavier Bagnoud Center for Health and Human Rights; Global Lawyers
and Physicians; International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War;
and Physicians for Human Rights), issued to mark the 50th Anniversary of
the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1998) |
| Fukui Statement on International
Bioethics, Adopted at the Third International Bioethics Seminar (Fukui,
Japan, 19-21 November 1993) |
| Hippocratic Oath (Fifth Century
B.C.), reprinted in Encyclopedia of Bioethics 2632 (Warren Thomas Reich
et al. eds., rev. ed. 1995). |
| Human Genome Organisation;
Ethical, Legal, and Social Issues Committee; Statement on DNA Sampling:
Control and Access (1998). |
| Human Genome Organisation;
Ethical, Legal, and Social Issues Committee; Statement on the Principled
Conduct of Genetics Research (1996). |
| International
Confederation of Midwives, International Code of Ethics for Midwives
(1993). |
| International Council of
Nurses, Position Statement, The Nurses' Role in the Care of Prisoners and
Detainees (1998). |
| International Council of Nurses,
Nurses and Human Rights (1998). |
| International Council
of Nurses, Statement on Nurses and Torture (1989; reviewed in 1991;
replaced, 1998). |
| International Council of Nurses,
Statement on the Death Penalty and Participation by Nurses in Executions
(1989; reviewed in 1991; replaced, 1998). |
| International Council of Nurses;
Torture, Death Penalty and Participation by Nurses in Executions (1998). |
| International Labour Organization,
Report, Technical and Ethical Guidelines for Workers' Health Surveillance
(Geneva: International Labour Office, 1998). |
| Islamic Code of Medical Ethics,
reprinted in Encyclopedia of Bioethics 2705 (Warren Thomas Reich, et al.
eds., rev. ed. 1995). |
| Islamic Organization for Medical
Sciences, Islamic Code of Medical Ethics (1981). |
| Magisterium
of the Catholic Church, Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, Instruction
on Respect for Human Life in its Origin and on the Dignity of Procreation:
Replies to Certain Questions of the Day (Feb. 22, 1987), reprinted in
16 Origins 697 (1987). |
| Melbourne Declaration on Physician-Assisted
Dying, Adopted by the 11th International Conference of the World Federation
of Right to Die Societies (Melbourne, 15-18 October 1996) |
| Network for European CNS Transplantation
and Restoration (NECTAR), Ethical Guidelines for the Use of Human Embryonic
or Fetal Tissue for Experimental and Clinical Neurotransplantation and Research
(1994). |
| Pontifical Academy for Life,
Declaration on the Production and the Scientific and Therapeutic Use of
Human Embryonic Stem Cells (2000) |
| Pontifical
Academy for Life, Identity and Statute of Human Embryo (1997) |
| Pontifical Academy for Life,
Notes on Cloning |
| Pontifical Academy for
Life, Observations
on the Universal Declaration on the Human Genome and Human Rights
(1997) |
| Pontifical Academy
for Life, Reflections on Cloning (1997). |
| Pontifical Academy for Life,
Statement on the So-Called "Morning-After Pill" (2000) |
| Proposed Model Ethical Protocol
for Collecting DNA Samples, Prepared by the North American Regional
Committee of the Human Genome Diversity Project (1998) |
| U.N. Scientific, Educational and
Cultural Organization (UNESCO), Malta Recommendations on Human Rights Teaching,
Information and Documentation (1987). |
| World Confederation for Physical
Therapy, Guidelines Concerning Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading
Treatment (1995). |
| World Confederation for
Physical Therapy, WCPT Resolution in support of Torture Victims Day
(1999). |
| World Health Organization,
Guidelines for Good Clinical Practice for Trials on Pharmaceutical Products
(Geneva: World Health Organization, 1995). |
| World Health Organization,
Guiding Principles on Human Organ Transplantation (Geneva: World Health
Organization, 1991), reprinted in 42 International Digest of Health Legislation
389 (1991). |
| World Health Organization,
Proposed International Guidelines on Ethical Issues in Medical Genetics
and Genetic Services (1998), WHO/HGN/GL/ETH/98.1. |
| World Health Organization,
WHO Regional Office for Europe, Declaration on the Promotion of Patients'
Rights in Europe, reprinted in 45 International Digest of Health Legislation
411 (1995). |
| World Medical Association,
Declaration on Euthanasia (1987). |
| World Medical Association,
Declaration on Family Violence (1996). |
| World Medical Association,
Declaration of Geneva [Physician's Oath], reprinted in Encyclopedia
of Bioethics 2646 (Warren Thomas Reich et al. eds., rev. ed. 1995). |
| World Medical Association, Declaration
of Hamburg on Support for Medical Doctors Refusing to Participate in, or
to Condone, the Use of Torture or Other Forms of Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading
Treatment (1997). |
| World Medical Association, Declaration
of Helsinki: Recommendations Guiding Physicians in Biomedical Research Involving
Subjects (1964; 1975; 1983; 1989); reprinted in Encyclopedia of Bioethics
2765 (Warren Thomas Reich et al. eds., rev. ed. 1995). |
| World Medical Association, Declaration
of Hong Kong on the Abuse of the Elderly (1989; 1990). |
| World Medical Association, Declaration
of Lisbon on the Rights of the Patient (1981; 1995). |
| World Medical Association, Declaration
of Madrid on Professional Autonomy and Self-Regulation (1987). |
| World Medical Association, Declaration
of Oslo [on therapeutic abortion] (1970; 1983). |
| World Medical Association, Declaration
of Ottawa on the Right of the Child for Health Care (1998). |
| World Medical Association, Declaration
of Sydney [on death] (1968; 1983). |
| World Medical Association, Declaration
of Tokyo (1975), reprinted in Professional Codes of Ethics 28
(Alfred Heijder & Herman Van Geuns eds., 1976). |
| World Medical Association, Declaration
of Venice on Terminal Illness (1983). |
| World Medical Association,
Declaration on Human Organ Transplantation (1987). |
| World Medical Association,
Declaration on Human Rights and Individual Freedom of Medical Practitioners
(1985). |
| World Medical Association,
Declaration on Hunger Strikers (1991; 1992). |
| World Medical Association,
Declaration on Medical Education (1991). |
| World Medical Association,
Declaration on Nuclear Weapons (1998). |
| World Medical Association,
Declaration on Physician Independence and Professional Freedom (1986). |
| World Medical Association,
Declaration on Principles of Health Care for Sports Medicine (1981;
1987; 1993). |
| World Medical Association,
Declaration on the Human Genome Project (1992). |
| World Medical Association,
Declaration with Guidelines for Continuous Quality Improvement in Health
Care (1997). |
| World Medical Association,
International Code of Medical Ethics (1949; 1983), reprinted in Encyclopedia
of Bioethics 2647 (Warren Thomas Reich et al. eds., rev. ed. 1995). |
| World Medical Association, Proposal
for a United Nations Rapporteur on the Independence and Integrity of Health
Professionals (1997). |
| World Medical Association,
Recommendations Concerning Genetic Counselling and Genetic Engineering,
(1987). |
| World Medical Association, Recommendations
Concerning Medical Care in Rural Areas (1964; 1983) |
| World Medical Association,
Regulations in Time of Armed Conflict (1956; 1983). |
| World Medical Association, Resolution
on Economic Embargoes and Health (1997). |
| World Medical Association,
Resolution on The Hague Appeal for Peace (1998). |
| World Medical Association,
Resolution on Human Rights (1990; 1993; 1995). |
| World Medical Association,
Resolution on Medical Care for Refugees (1998). |
| World Medical Association,
Resolution on Medical Group Practice (1988). |
| World Medical Association,
Resolution on the Medical Workforce (1998). |
| World Medical Association,
Resolution on Physicians' Conduct Concerning Human Organ Transplantation
(1994). |
| World Medical Association,
Resolution on Physician Participation in Capital Punishment (1981). |
| World Medical Association,
Resolution on the Prohibition of Access of Women to Health Care and the
Prohibition of Practice by Female Doctors in Afghanistan (1997). |
| World Medical Association,
Resolution Supporting the Ottawa Convention (1998). |
| World Medical Association,
Statement of Policy on the Care of Patients with Severe Chronic Pain in
Terminal Illness (1990). |
| World Medical Association,
Statement on Access to Health Care (1988). |
| World Medical Association,
Statement on Body Searches of Prisoners (1993). |
| World Medical Association,
Statement on Child Abuse and Neglect (1984; 1995). |
| World Medical Association,
Statement on Economic Sanctions or Boycotts (1988). |
| World Medical Association,
Statement on Ethical Aspects of Embryonic Reduction (1995). |
| World Medical Association,
Statement on Ethical Issues Concerning Patients with Mental Illness
(1995). |
| World Medical Association,
Statement on Family Planning and the Right of a Woman to Contraception
(1996). |
| World Medical Association,
Statement on Fetal Tissue Transplantation (1989). |
| World Medical Association,
Statement on Health Promotion (1995). |
| World Medical Association,
Statement on Home Medical Monitoring, "Tele-Medicine" and Medical Ethics
(1992). |
| World Medical Association, Statement
on In-Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transplantation (1987). |
| World Medical Association,
Statement on Issues Raised by the HIV Epidemic (1992). |
| World Medical Association, Statement
on Live Organ Trade (1985). |
| World Medical Association,
Statement on Medical Ethics in the Event of Disasters (1994). |
| World Medical Association,
Statement on Medical Malpractice (1992). |
| World Medical Association,
Statement on Patient Advocacy and Confidentiality (1993). |
| World Medical Association,
Statement on Persistent Vegetative State (1989). |
| World Medical Association,
Statement on Physician-Assisted Suicide (1992). |
| World Medical Association,
Statement on Professional Responsibility for Standards of Medical Care
(1996). |
| World Medical Association,
Statement on the Health Hazards of Tobacco Products (1997). |
| World Medical Association,
Statement on the Professional Responsibility of Physicians in Treating AIDS
Patients (1988). |
| World Medical Association,
Statement on the Use and Misuse of Psychotropic Drugs (1975). |
| World Medical Association, Statement
on the Use of Computer in Medicine (1973; 1983). |
| World Medical Association, World
Medical Association Statement on Medical Manpower - I (1983; 1986). |
| World Medical Association, World
Medical Association Statement on Medical Manpower - II (1999). |
| World Medical Association, World
Medical Association Statement on Medical Manpower - III (1999). |
| World Medical Association, Statement
on Weapons and their Relation to Life and Health (1996). |
| World Medical Association,
Twelve Principles of Provision of Health Care in Any National Health Care
System (1963; 1983). |
| World Psychiatric Association,
Declaration of Madrid (Madrid, Spain, Aug. 25, 1996). |
| World Psychiatric Association
Ethics Committee, Guidelines Concerning Specific Situations (1996).
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